Nigeria is one of the biggest and
fastest growing telecom markets in Africa, attracting huge amounts of foreign
investment. Far reaching liberalisation has led to hundreds of companies
providing virtually all kinds of telecom and value-added services in an
independently regulated market. After a decade of failed privatisation
attempts, the incumbent national telco Nitel and its mobile arm M-Tel are currently
in liquidation.
The West African country has overtaken
South Africa to become the continent's largest mobile market with now more than
125 million subscribers and a market penetration of around 75% in early 2014.
The rapid growth has led to problems with network congestion and quality of
service, prompting the regulatory authority NCC to impose fines and sanctions.
Every year, the network operators are investing billions of US$ into additional
base stations and fibre optic transmission to support the ever increasing
demand for bandwidth.
Much of the remaining addressable market
is in the country's rural areas where network rollouts and operations are
expensive. This in combination with declining ARPU levels is forcing the
networks to streamline their operations and to develop new revenue streams from
services such as third and fourth generation (3G/4G) mobile broadband, mobile
payments/banking, and others. Major infrastructure sharing and outsourcing
deals have been concluded. Several LTE networks are in operation.
Nigeria is also the most competitive
fixed-line market in Africa, featuring a second national operator (SNO,
Globacom) and over 80 other companies licensed to provide fixed telephony
services. The alternative carriers combined now provide around 85% of all fixed
connections, the majority of which has been implemented using wireless
technologies. This in combination with a unified licensing regime gives the
network operators the opportunity to also enter the lucrative mobile market and
has helped them to secure hundreds of millions of US$ in investments from local
and foreign investors. However, fixed-wireless connections have declined in the
past few years in favour of mobile services. This has prompted mergers and
acquisitions (M&A) in the sector, which is likely to continue in the coming
years.
The arrival of a second international
submarine fibre-optic cable (Glo-1) in 2009 and a more in 2010, 2012 and 2013
has broken the monopoly of Nitel's notorious SAT-3/WASC cable and is
revolutionising the country's underdeveloped Internet and broadband sector by
reducing the cost of international bandwidth by up to 90%. Additional submarine
cables are scheduled to go online in 2014. Significant consolidation has
occurred among Internet service providers (ISPs) as new powerful players from
the fixed-wireless and mobile sector have entered this market with 3G/4G mobile
and advanced wireless broadband services such as WiMAX. The Internet Protocol
(IP)-based next generation networks currently being rolled out are enabling
converged voice, data/Internet and video services, VoIP is already carrying the
bulk of Nigeria's international voice traffic. Applications such as e-commerce,
online banking and e-payments, e-health, e-learning and e-government are rapidly
evolving.
Although the market is one of the most
competitive in Africa, the industry regulator is tightening price caps and
mandating further reductions of interconnect rates. Following years of delays,
mobile number portability (MNP) was finally introduced in 2013, promising to
make the market even more competitive.
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