Nigeria is one of the biggest and fastest growing
telecom markets in Africa, attracting huge amounts of foreign investment. Far
reaching liberalisation has led to hundreds of companies providing virtually
all kinds of telecom and value-added services in an independently regulated
market. After a decade of failed privatisation attempts, the incumbent national
telco Nitel and its mobile arm M-Tel are currently in liquidation.
The West African country has overtaken South Africa
to become the continent’s largest mobile market with now more than 125 million
subscribers and a market penetration stands of around 75% in early 2014. The
rapid growth has led to problems with network congestion and quality of
service, prompting the regulatory authority NCC to impose fines and sanctions.
Every year, the network operators are investing billions of US$ into additional
base stations and fibre optic transmission to support the ever increasing
demand for bandwidth.
Much of the remaining addressable market is in the
country’s rural areas where network rollouts and operations are expensive. This
in combination with declining ARPU levels is forcing the networks to streamline
their operations and to develop new revenue streams from services such as third
and fourth generation (3G/4G) mobile broadband, mobile payments/banking, and
others. Major infrastructure sharing and outsourcing deals have been concluded.
Several LTE networks are in operation.
Nigeria is also the most competitive fixed-line
market in Africa, featuring a second national operator (SNO, Globacom) and over
80 other companies licensed to provide fixed telephony services. The
alternative carriers combined now provide around 85% of all fixed connections,
the majority of which has been implemented using wireless technologies. This in
combination with a unified licensing regime gives the network operators the
opportunity to also enter the lucrative mobile market and has helped them to
secure hundreds of millions of US$ in investments from local and foreign
investors. However, fixed-wireless connections have declined in the past few
years in favour of mobile services. This has prompted mergers and acquisitions
(M&A) in the sector, which is likely to continue in the coming years.
The arrival of a second international submarine
fibre-optic cable (Glo-1) in 2009 and a more in 2010, 2012 and 2013 has broken
the monopoly of Nitel’s notorious SAT-3/WASC cable and is revolutionising the
country’s underdeveloped Internet and broadband sector by reducing the cost of
international bandwidth by up to 90%. Additional submarine cables are scheduled
to go online in 2014. Significant consolidation has occurred among Internet
service providers (ISPs) as new powerful players from the fixed-wireless and
mobile sector have entered this market with 3G/4G mobile and advanced wireless
broadband services such as WiMAX. The Internet Protocol (IP)-based next
generation networks currently being rolled out are enabling converged voice,
data/Internet and video services, VoIP is already carrying the bulk of
Nigeria’s international voice traffic. Applications such as e-commerce, online
banking and e-payments, e-health, e-learning and e-government are rapidly
evolving.
Although the market is one of the most competitive in
Africa, the industry regulator is tightening price caps and mandating further
reductions of interconnect rates. Following years of delays, mobile number
portability (MNP) was finally introduced in 2013, promising to make the market
even more competitive.
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