A number of new international submarine cable
links connecting nations on Africa's east and west coast have considerably
improved internet access to the continent. Terrestrial links have enabled
land-locked countries to benefit from this connectivity by dramatically
reducing the cost of services for telcos and customers alike. The new WASACE
cable, linking Brazil and other South American landing points, connects
directly with Angola, with branch lines to Nigeria and South Africa.
In addition to these developments, there
continue to be improvements to the Central African Backbone (CAB), a $215
million program funded by the World Bank and the African Development Bank to
build fibre-optic infrastructure serving 11 countries in the Central African
region.
Additional international bandwidth has
prompted telcos to invest in local backbone infrastructure upgrades to extend
networks to population centres. Countries which had previously relied on
satellite connectivity have seen wholesale access prices tumble by as much as
90% in recent years.
There have also been significant investments
in building local Internet Exchange Points to reduce dependence on
international connectivity for local internet services, so lowering the cost of
developing local hosting and application development. A number of new IXPs,
including that in Namibia (opened in May 2014) have been supported by the
African Internet Exchange System, an African Union project implemented by the
Internet Society. This wide-ranging program aims to have 80% of African users'
internet traffic exchanged within Africa by 2020.
Despite these encouraging developments, most
investment at the local level is handicapped by the poor condition of
fixed-line infrastructure in many parts of various countries, particularly in
rural areas which also suffer from no or intermittent electricity supply. As a
result, many of the local improvements in internet access seen in recent years
have been confined to the principal cities. Nevertheless, in adapting to these
restrictions telcos serving rural areas have elected to invest in mobile
infrastructure to provide voice and 3G-based data services.
There is limited Fibre-to-the-Premise (FttP)
infrastructure, mainly serving select areas of some cities, though the sector
continues to develop.
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